Musculoskeletal oncology is the component of orthopaedic surgery that is focused on the diagnosis and treatment of children and adults with benign and malignant tumors of bone and connective soft tissues.

The field also includes the diagnosis, treatment, and palliative care of patients with metastatic carcinoma to the skeleton. Musculoskeletal oncologists work in concert with experts from musculoskeletal radiology, pathology, medical and pediatric oncology, radiotherapy, and surgery to care for patients with sarcomas of bone and soft tissue.