Child neurology involves the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of, and the advocacy for, infants, children, and adolescents with either primary or secondary disorders of peripheral and central nervous systems.

Child neurologists diagnose and treat a variety of conditions. Neurologists deal with children who have seizures, head injuries, or muscle weakness. They also develop treatment plans and help manage the care of children that have disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. Children that have developmental disorders, such as speech delays, fine and gross motor delays, and coordination issues, may also see a neurologist. A neurologist may also treat children who have learning disabilities or learning delays.