Pediatric rheumatology specializes in providing comprehensive care to children with rheumatic diseases, especially arthritis.

A pediatric rheumatologist diagnoses and treats children with disorders including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis), systemic lupus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, and vasculitis. Pediatric rheumatologists primarily function in the outpatient setting, but may also care for or consult on hospitalized patients. Due to the chronic and often complex nature of the rheumatic disorders, the specialist can form close long-term relationships with patients and families. In many cases, care is provided in concert with other medical subspecialists and support staff with the rheumatologist serving as the overall coordinating physician.